Fiber bụ ihe bụ isi nke textiles.N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, ihe ndị nwere dayameta sitere na ọtụtụ microns ruo iri iri nke microns yana ogologo oge bụ ọtụtụ oge nke ọkpụrụkpụ ha nwere ike iwere dị ka eriri.N'ime ha, ndị dị ogologo karịa iri milimita nwere ike zuru oke na mgbanwe dị ka eriri textile, nke a pụrụ iji mepụta yarns, eriri na akwa ákwà.
Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị eriri textiles.Agbanyeghị enwere ike kewaa ha niile dịka eriri eke ma ọ bụ eriri mmadụ mere.
1. Eke eri
Ihe eji eme ihe na-agụnye eriri osisi ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ nri, eriri anụmanụ na eriri ịnweta.
N'ihe gbasara ewu ewu, owu bụ eriri a na-ejikarị eme ihe, na-esote linen (flax) na ramie.A na-ejikarị eriri flax eme ihe, ma ebe ọ bụ na ogologo eriri flax dị mkpụmkpụ (25 ~ 40 mm), a na-ejikọta eriri flxa na owu ma ọ bụ polyester.Ramie, nke a na-akpọ "Ahịhịa China", bụ eriri bast na-adịgide adịgide nke nwere ọmarịcha silky.Ọ na-adọrọ mmasị nke ukwuu mana akwa ndị e si na ya na-akpụ akpụ ma na-akpụ akpụ n'ụzọ dị mfe, ya mere a na-ejikọta ramie na eriri sịntetik.
Ajị anụ na-esi na ntutu anụ ahụ pụta, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ajị anụ, cashmere, mohair, ntutu kamel na ntutu oke bekee, wdg, ma ọ bụ site na nzuzo gland anụmanụ, dị ka silk mulberry na tussa.
A na-amakarị eriri ịnweta eke sitere n'okike bụ asbestos, nke bụ eriri inorganic nwere ezigbo ọkụ na-eguzogide mana ọ dịkwa ize ndụ nye ahụike, yabụ, ejighi ya ugbu a.
2. Fiber mmadụ mere
Enwere ike ịhazi eriri ndị mmadụ mere dị ka ma ọ bụ organic fibers ma ọ bụ inorganic.Enwere ike kewaa nke mbụ n'ime ụdị abụọ: otu ụdị gụnyere ndị a na-eme site na ngbanwe nke polymers eke na-emepụta eriri ndị a na-emezigharị dịka a na-akpọ ha mgbe ụfọdụ, na ụdị nke ọzọ na-esi na polymers sịntetik na-emepụta filament synthetic ma ọ bụ eriri.
A na-ejikarị eriri ndị na-emegharị emegharị bụ Cupro fibers (CUP, cellulose fibers nwetara site na cuprammonium usoro) na Viscose (CV, cellulose fibers nwetara site na viscose usoro. Ma Cupro na Viscose nwere ike ịkpọ rayon).Acetate (CA, cellulose acetate fibers nke na-erughị 92%, ma ọ dịkarịa ala 74%, nke ìgwè hydroxyl bụ acetylated.) na triacetate (CTA, cellulose acetate fibers nke dịkarịa ala 92% nke hydroxyl otu acetylated. bụ ụdị eriri ndị ọzọ emegharịrị.Lyocell (CLY), Modal (CMD) na Tencel bụ ndị na-ewu ewu ugbu a cellulose fibres, bụ ndị e mepụtara iji gboo mkpa maka nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi na mmepụta ha.
N'oge a, eriri protein ndị emegharịrị na-aghọkwa ewu ewu.N'ime ndị a bụ eriri soyabean, eriri mmiri ara ehi na eriri chitosan.Fibre protein emegharịrị dabara adaba maka ngwa ahụike.
A na-emekarị eriri sịntetịt eji na akwa akwa site na coal, petroleum ma ọ bụ gas, nke monomers na-esi na polymerized site na kemịkalụ dị iche iche wee ghọọ polymer molecular dị elu nwere usoro kemịkalụ dị mfe, nke enwere ike gbazee ma ọ bụ gbazee na ihe mgbaze kwesịrị ekwesị.A na-ejikarị eriri sịntetik eme ihe bụ polyester (PES), polyamide (PA) ma ọ bụ naịlọn, polyethylene (PE), acrylic (PAN), modacrylic (MAC), polyamide (PA) na polyurethane (PU).Ndị polyesters aromatic dị ka polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) na polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) na-aghọkwa ewu ewu.Na mgbakwunye na nke a, a na-emepụta ọtụtụ eriri sịntetik nwere ihe pụrụ iche, nke a ga-amata fibers Nomex, Kevlar na Spectra.Ma Nomex na Kevlar bụ aha ụlọ ọrụ Dupont edebanyere aha.Nomex bụ eriri meta-aramid nwere ezigbo ọkụ na-egbochi ọkụ yana enwere ike iji Kevlar mee akwa mkpuchi mgbo n'ihi ike ya pụrụ iche.A na-esi na polyethylene mee eriri Spectra, nke nwere ibu dị arọ nke dị elu, a na-ewerekwa ya dị ka otu n'ime eriri kachasị ike na nke kachasị mfe n'ụwa.Ọ dabara nke ọma maka ngwa agha, ikuku ikuku na egwuregwu dị elu.Nnyocha ka na-aga n'ihu.Nnyocha e mere na nano fibers bụ otu n'ime isiokwu kachasị ewu ewu na mpaghara a na iji hụ na nanoparticles dị mma maka mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, a na-ewepụta ngalaba sayensị ọhụrụ a na-akpọ "nanotoxicology" nke ugbu a na-eleba anya na ịmepụta ụzọ nyocha maka nyocha. na nyochaa mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nanoparticles, mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.
Fiber inorganic mmadụ mere nke a na-ejikarị bụ carbon fiber, ceramic fibers, fiber glass na fiber metal.A na-ejikarị ha eme ihe maka ụfọdụ ebumnuche pụrụ iche iji rụọ ụfọdụ ọrụ pụrụ iche.
Daalụ maka oge gị.
Oge nzipu: Mar-20-2023